How did Christ gain victory over Satan through the atonement? Did Christ pay a ransom to Satan? This article addresses these questions, giving due attention to the Christus Victor theory of the atonement in its considerations.

This is a review article of Der Gott der Lebendigen (God of the Living), co-authored by Hermann Spieckermann and Reinhard Feldmeier. This review regards as a success the attempt of the authors to demonstrate the value of writing a theology in which the attributes of God are the point of departure.

This study considers two of the prepositions used in New Testament statements on the subject of the atonement to see what contribution they have to make. Four prepositions are used in the New Testament statements about the death of Christ, but only two are examined here, i. e. "for" (ἀντί) and "on behalf of/for the sake of/for the beneft of" (ὐπέρ).

This article shows how the atonement text in Revelation 16 is an inverted atonement text.

How can heaven and earth be joined together when they are currently so separated? This article gives the answer: through the atonement of Jesus Christ. He fulfills all the recoverings that happened in the Old Testament sacrificial liturgy by becoming the covering himself. This article concludes with reflections on how this comes into the Christian life of forgiveness, based on 1 John 1:6-2:2.

What is the significance of the death of Chrst in the atonement for man's sin? The discussion of this article is concerned in particular with the widely criticized doctrine of the penal substitution of Christ and the much-advocated subjective or ethical views of atonement.

This article deals with the way God addressed sin and guilt amongst his covenant people. Hebrew words like asham and related words are examined for a better understanding of the significance of atonement.

From Leviticus 16:15-16, 20-22 this article shows how the goats on the Day of Atonement were pointing to the atonement of Christ.

The claim of this article is that the parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15) is a parable of the atonement.

This article includes an excerpt from John Murray's Redemption Accomplished and Applied, in which he discusses Romans 8:31-39 in relation to the question of the extent of Christ's atonement for sinners.

This article explains the relationship between the extent of the atonement and evangelism, quoting part of J.I. Packer's Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God.

This article defends the centrality of the atonement to the Christian faith, with consideration given to Romans 3:21-26.

The author refutes the theological claims of C. H. Dodd, who sees the concept of the wrath of God as having a diminished place in the Bible. The author finds that the wrath of God is an important part of the inspired Scriptures. Further, he finds this doctrine to be an essential aspect of the doctrine of God, of sin, of atonement, the love of God, of judgment, and of hell.

This article discusses what the author calls "the doctrinal content of the message of evangelism," with the discussion based on Luke 26:46-48. The author lists the points of this doctrinal content as (1) the necessity of the cross, (2) the resurrection, and (3) repentance and remission of sins.

This article exposes the major teachings of Arminianism. The teachings discussed include the doctrines of the knowledge of God, atonement, prevenient grace, justification, the denial of imputation, and the role of faith.

This writing seeks to find the relation between the wrath of God and the atonement. While God was expressing his wrathful and just punishment of man's sin on Christ, was his love excluded? The answer in this article says that it was not, but was being demonstrated in Christ's atonement for his people.

Bavinck discusses the views of supralapsarianism and infralapsarianism, which are all attempts to describe the order in which God made the decision to predestine man to salvation, permit the fall, and provide a mediator for the atonement of the elect. The author finds fault with both views and discusses an alternative way of viewing and studying God's decree.

The author speaks on the foreknowledge of God as it applies to the doctrine of atonement. The article rejects the assertion that God foreknew who would believe and therefore predestined such people to salvation. The author redefines the foreknowledge of God, understanding it in the context of the decree of God.

The author dwells on the particularist view of the divine design of the atonement, that by the atonement God purposed to save only those who are elected. The author supports this view from Scripture. The discussion also involves the opposing views of unrestricted and inconsistent universalism.

The article deals with the subject of how one should understand the extent of the atonement of Christ. The article first deals with how to understand the use of particular language in particular contexts. Secondly, it appeals to the hermeneutical rule that Scripture should interpret Scripture. Further, Scripture should be compared to Scripture so that similarities occasioned by the use of merely different words should be noted.

Did Christ offer himself up as a sacrifice for all people, or only for a limited number? The author replies that the atonement of Christ was sufficient to save the whole human race, but was efficient to save only the elect. The Arminians, however, argue that the atonement has made it possible for all men to cooperate with the divine grace, and thus come to salvation if they will believe. The author argues that if the Arminian view is right, then millions of those for whom Christ died have been lost, which means that his sacrifice could not save them.

In this article, the author puts forward a strong case for studying theological doctrines in such a way that each individual doctrine falls within a particular larger theological field. He thus proposes that the doctrine of the atonement should be defended as falling within the covenant of grace. In this regard, the gospel call is made to everyone outside, but the one who really calls, Jesus Christ, does so from within the covenant of grace.

In this review of the theology of Charles Finney, the author focuses on his doctrine of justification. He takes note of Finney’s strange teaching that justification is a governmental pardon and not a judiciary acquittal. There are also multiple conditions for justification, according to Finney, and not simply faith as the Protestants claim. His view of atonement undermines the centrality of the cross of Christ as the one single act of God in atoning for sin.

This article responds to recent criticisms of the doctrine of penal substitution as atonement for human sin. The author's main focus is the publication of The Lost Message of Jesus by Steve Chalke and Alan Mann from a British perspective, and views expressed by Joel B. Green from an American perspective. He notes four main charges brought against penal substitution.

This article discusses the extent of the atonement of Christ.

Dahm wants to draw attention to a biblical emphasis concerning atonement that has suffered from relative neglect. This neglect concerns the believer's dying with Christ. The author considers the significance of dying with Christ against the background of Old Testament sacrificial practices.

Why is Jesus the only Saviour? The answer to this question is found in the truth of the incarnation. It is through the incarnation that the challenge of the atonement is met, for it is only one who is both God and man who can truly atone for sin.

During the 1970s Karl Rahner was one of the most popular theologians in the Roman Catholic Church. This essay considers Rahner's view of the salvific value of the death of Christ and the significance of the atonement.

Harris gives a short exegetical exposition of the term "kipper," which is important for our understanding of atonement.

Nicole argues for an understanding of the atonement as definite. He wants to argue the exact point at issue: the chief purpose of the Father in sending the Son and the chief intention of Christ in laying down his life in sacrifice. The author goes on to give the main arguments for his understanding of definite atonement, and to answer objections against his view.

This is a theological dictionary entry on different theories of the atonement.

This is a theological dictionary entry on the atonement.

This chapter is the conclusion to Morris's study on the atonement. Morris summarizes the major findings of the book.

The biblical way of thinking about the atonement is to think of it as penal substitution. In arguing this point this article points to the nature of knowledge required to comprehend this. This kind of knowledge is faith knowledge that rests on God's Word. It explains the idea of substitution and how it relates to Christ death being penal.

Both universal redemption and Arminianism paint an unbiblical account of salvation, for they all take away God's glory. This introductory essay to John Owen's The Death of Death in the Death of Christ shows how this is so by looking at what constitutes the teaching of Calvinism about the atonement.

What did Christ accomplish for us by his active obedience and passive obedience? This article notes four things in answer to this question: Christ accomplished expiation, propitiation, reconciliation, and redemption. In the process, the author attempts to explain these terms and their individual meanings within the context of Christ's atonement.

Why did Jesus die? This article shows that the cross of Jesus was the demonstration of God’s justice (Romans 3:25) and is indispensable to atonement and our salvation.

Every individual on earth is faced daily with this one question: how will you stand before the living and the holy God? In this context, atonement is central to the teaching of Scripture.

This is the fifth article in a twelve part series on the topic of preaching Christ. Preaching the atonement of Christ should point people to the reality that God himself was responsible for the crucifixion. This was the way Christ was intended to die as our substitute. Christ's death provides reconciliation with God.

Jesus Christ is all we need for justification before God. Jesus has provided substitutionary atonement and righteousness for us. The author also discusses Galatians 2:20.

Does Isaiah 53:5 promise healing to every believer on the basis of Christ atonement? This article shows that Isaiah is referring to spiritual healing, not physical healing. Total healing flows from the atonement, but this will occur on the new earth and heaven.

In this article on church history, the author traces the different teachings of the church in reaction to the doctrine of atonement. Five views on atonement have arisen in the past; namely, ransom, satisfaction, moral influence, penal substitutionary, and governmental perspectives.

Looking at redemption, reconciliation, victory, propitiation, and justification in relation to the atonement, this article shows how these words are used in the New Testament to clarify and portray the wondrous work of Christ in the atonement.

This article views the covenant of redemption as the plan, and the covenant of works and covenant of grace as being the execution of the plan. The author shows how the atonement features within the covenant, and how Christ takes our place.

Written as an introduction to John Owen's teaching on limited atonement, this article shows that upholding universal redemption is a denial of the gospel. The author discusses the biblical teaching on atonement, and shows how this perspective impacts preaching.

Written to defend the substitutionary view of the atonement, this article shows that viewing the cross of Christ as an example of personal sacrifice for Christians to follow is contrary to the teaching of scripture. God's justice necessitated the substitutionary work of Christ on our behalf.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the acts which were undertaken to accomplish atonement. The author speaks specifically about the intercession of Christ, showing that Christ intercedes for the elect only.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the acts which were undertaken to accomplish atonement. The author speaks specifically about the act of oblation; namely, the sacrifice of Christ on the cross.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Holy Spirit in relationship to the birth of the Son.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father. The author discusses the way in which the Father was involved in the coming of Christ as Saviour and Mediator, with emphasis given to the obedience of the Son to the Father and the intercessory work of the Son.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father. The author discusses the way in which the Father was involved in the coming of Christ as Saviour and Mediator, with emphasis given to the wrath of the Father on the Son and the obedience of the Son to the Father.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father. The author discusses the way in which the Father was involved in the coming of Christ as Saviour and Mediator, with emphasis on the economy of the covenants - a covenant between the Father and Son.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father, discussing the way in which the Father was involved in the coming of Christ as Saviour and Mediator.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father, discussing the way in which the Father was involved in the coming of Christ as Saviour and Mediator.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father, discussing the way in which the Father was involved in the coming of Christ as Saviour and Mediator.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the role of the Triune God in working out atonement. The focus of this article is on the role of God the Father.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the intended results of atonement; namely, sanctification and adoption.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the intended results of the atonement; namely, reconciliation and justification.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the intended result of the atonement; namely, it was intended for the renewal of the covenant, pointing to God's grace, mercy, forgiveness and justification.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article focuses on the intended result of the atonement; namely, it was intended to satisfy God's wrath.

Looking at the doctrine of limited atonement, this article shows why atonement was needed in the case of man and God. The author also discusses the intended result of atonement, namely, salvation for sinners.

Defending the doctrine of limited atonement, this article gives the biblical ground for particular redemption and the arguments supporting it. Though Christ's atonement was sufficient for the whole human race, God chose to limit salvation to the elect.

This article is about common grace and atonement. The author also looks at creation and providence, expiation and propitiation of atonement, and particular atonement.

This article is about the atonement and the righteousness of Jesus Christ. The author also discusses the active and passive obedience of Jesus Christ, the second Adam, and the suffering of Jesus Christ.

This article looks at the love people have for Jesus, but not for the real reason he came to earth. The author discusses Jesus Christ and our atonement, and the offence of the gospel.

The question of Anselm, "Why did God become man?" is not answered in a uniform way by Evangelical Christians. There used to be more of a consensus, more so than there is today. What did the atonement actually accomplish? There are basically four views held by Protestants.

What are we as Christians doing when we gather together to worship God? How does what we do in worship relate to what Jesus Christ did in making atonement for the sins of humankind? This article seeks to draw these two concepts - worship and atonement - together.

Our contemporary preaching of the gospel message would be improved by making better use of the much neglected and misunderstood subject of divine judgment. The breadth of the biblical use of judgment is considered in this article and it is argued that judgment as a metaphor of atonement provides the wider context in which penal substitution should be understood. The metaphor of judgment can also be a means of coordinating disparate biblical images of the atonement.

This article looks at John Owen's view of the work of the Holy Spirit, specifically about the relation of the Holy Spirit to Jesus Christ. The author discusses the ministry of the Spirit in the incarnation of Christ, the ministry of Christ, the atonement of Christ and in the exaltation of Christ.