In this review of the theology of Charles Finney, the author focuses on his doctrine of justification. He takes note of Finney’s strange teaching that justification is a governmental pardon and not a judiciary acquittal. There are also multiple conditions for justification, according to Finney, and not simply faith as the Protestants claim. His view of atonement undermines the centrality of the cross of Christ as the one single act of God in atoning for sin.

Looking at the meaning of crucifixion from the Old Testament perspective and the Roman world, this article shows how Jesus' crucifixion serves to show that He died as our substitute, bearing the curse of God, embracing Gentiles in addition to Jews in His death. For these reasons Christ was not stoned, but crucified.