Is the birth of Jesus from a virgin an invention of Matthew (Matthew 1:23) as part of a desire to fulfil the words of Isaiah 7:14? This article examines the interpretation of Isaiah 7:14 in pre-Christian times and how Matthew cited prophetic texts. It also reflects on the influence of the early tradition of Jesus’ descent from David upon Matthew's reference to a virginal conception.

Showing that the virgin birth must be distinguished from the immaculate conception and perpetual virginity, this article shows that Mary gave birth to Christ while being a virgin though she did not remain so. It shows how this relates to Christ divinity and humanity, His sinless state and His role as the Savior.