The year was 1997 and a small group of people prepared a report on “The Role of Faith in the Lives of Young People in the Canadian Reformed Churches in the Fraser Valley.” From what I understand, this was an enlightening project for the community. 312 young people were surveyed about their faith in connection with home, school, and church. One of the interesting points had to do with the home front. Over ninety percent of the students claimed that their families read the Bible together daily. Many of them, when asked what they would do similar to their own parents, replied that they would definitely do devotions, family Bible reading, and prayer.

Quite likely some of the students who answered those questions now have their own families and children. So, where are we today, ten years later? If we were to do a survey today, would we find that ninety percent of families still read the Bible together? Have the students followed through who claimed that they would do the same as their parents?

Whatever the case may be, this is a good time for us to review where we’re at with our family worship. In these articles I want to encourage those whose family worship is minimal or non-existent to begin this practice and make it a regular feature of their home life. Where it is regularly practiced, I want to encourage you to continue and, where possible, to improve. For those who are newly married or are planning to get married in the near future, I want to encourage you to commit yourself as a couple to this practice.

Biblical Basis⤒🔗

Let’s begin with the biblical basis for family worship. It’s true that there is no direct and explicit command in the Bible for the members of a family to gather together regularly for worship. However, in the best of times, God’s people have always practiced this and we can see that in the Bible too. It could be argued that the Bible actually takes it for granted that no direct command about this subject should be necessary. Having said that, the Bible does have a lot to say about families and their worship.

If we begin at the beginning, the first worship in the Bible was family worship. Adam and Eve would have worshipped God together with their children. As time went on, corporate worship was not always neatly distinguished from family worship. After all, the people of God in the Old Testament were not only spiritually a family, they were also physically a family.

However, by the time of Moses, the people of Israel had grown into a nation. Still, God had his eye on individual families, especially when it came to worship. We can see that in what we read from Exodus 12 about the Passover. The Passover, or “The Feast of Unleavened Bread,” was a family institution, an example of family religion. At the Passover, the children were to ask about the meaning of the ceremony and then the explanation would come.

The Passover only took place once per year, but there are other passages in the Old Testament which show that family instruction in the faith was to be a regular item in the life of Israel. In Deuteronomy 6:4-7, we read:

Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one! You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength. And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up.

Notice here that family instruction was commanded by God. Israelites were to impress God’s Word on their children. They were to do this regularly: “When you lie down and when you get up.” That has been understood by both Jews and Christians to refer to morning and evening family worship. Moreover, it doesn’t matter where the family is, “When you sit in your house and when you walk by the way.” We would say, “At home and when you’re on holidays.” Every day and everywhere, God wanted his people to be teaching their children. Now somebody might say, but that was the Old Testament. Then I would ask, is there any indication that things have changed on this score in the New Testament? In fact, as we’ll see in a moment, the New Testament reinforces this Old Testament teaching.

Turning to Psalm 78:1-8, we find a compelling poetic lesson on generational responsibility. In verse 3, we discover that the previous generations have faithfully passed on the faith. Their fathers have told them about what God has done, about his power and might. Then in verse 4, Asaph and the people of God declare their commitment to do likewise. They’re not going to hide what God has done, but rather declare it and teach it. Moreover, this teaching is going to lead to prayer and praise. Our translation says, “We will tell the next generation the praiseworthy deeds of the Lord.” Literally it says, “The deeds of the praises of Yahweh.” When we consider what God has done, the natural outcome is going to be rejoicing and singing! Praises for God in prayer and song! Verse 5 reminds us that God commanded fathers in the Old Testament to do this sort of thing. Why? So that the next generation would know them and pass the faith on to generations not even born yet. Family worship was to be a key component of the transmission of the faith through the generations. Verse 7 says, “Then they would put their trust in God.” Family worship is a key part of leading our children to faith in God and his promises, especially as they’ve been fulfilled for us in Christ. Then also, that they “would not forget his deeds, but would keep his commands.” Family worship is a key element in shaping godliness in the lives of our children, passing on the inheritance that we’ve received. The end result would be that God’s people would be faithful to Him and not stray. In Proverbs 4:1-4, we read the following:

Hear, my children, the instruction of a father,
And give attention to know understanding;
For I give you good doctrine:
Do not forsake my law.
When I was my father’s son,
Tender and the only one in the sight of my mother,
He also taught me, and said to me:
“Let your heart retain my words;
Keep my commands, and live.

Here we have the picture of an Israelite father instructing his sons.

Throughout the book of Proverbs we find that the father is to have the central role in family religion and we see it here too. The picture here is of a father patiently giving sound teaching or doctrine to his sons. But elsewhere in Proverbs we see the mother as well: “Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the law of your mother” (Proverbs 1:8). Both parents are indeed involved in nurturing their children in godliness. However, it is true that the Bible, in the Old and New Testament, places the emphasis on the role of the father. Sometimes the instruction that a father gives to his children will have an element of admonition or discipline. We see that in passages like Proverbs 13:1, “A wise son heeds his father’s instruction, but a mocker does not listen to rebuke.” Or Proverbs 15:5, “A fool spurns his father’s discipline, but whoever heeds corrections shows prudence.”

Now it’s true that these passages are very broad and don’t necessarily speak directly about some kind of formal family worship, but they do give us some general principles regarding the roles of the members of the family and we can apply those principles to family worship. The children are to receive instruction. The father is to be the main figure in giving that instruction and the mother is in a supporting role; at appropriate moments she also gives instruction and supports and reinforces what her husband teaches.

The New Testament on Family Worship←⤒🔗

Turning now to the New Testament, we find that what we learned from the Old Testament is reinforced. In Ephesians 6:4 we read, “Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.” Notice first of all that Paul puts this responsibility on the fathers. Fathers are to bring up their children in the training and instruction of the Lord. Fathers are not to exasperate their children, or more literally, to provoke their children to wrath.

How might they do that? The Old Testament background of the word that’s used there for “exasperate” is telling. In the Greek translation of the Old Testament that word is often used for provoking someone to anger with unrighteous behaviour. If a child sees a parent who says one thing, but blatantly and unrepentantly does another, he will become angry at the hypocrisy that he witnesses. So, Paul is saying, “You fathers, strive to have your deeds match your words!” Otherwise, your children will become bitter and angry and may even leave the faith altogether.

Instead, Paul says, fathers are to bring up their children in the training and instruction or admonition of the Lord. “Bring them up” means to nourish and to nurture. It’s the same word used in the previous chapter with regards to how husbands are to relate to their wives. Husbands nourish and nurture their wives and fathers nourish and nurture their children.

This means that there is an intimate and direct relationship. Fathers are to be like shepherds for their children, leading their children to the pastures of God’s Word where they can mature and grow in grace and knowledge. Fathers are to be like pastors for their children, showing them Christ and the gospel of salvation.

This nurturing takes place through two means, according to Paul in Ephesians 6:4.The first is through training. This is disciplined and structured instruction. There is regularity and a set format, for instance, a planned means of going through the Bible or following the teachings of the Bible with a catechism. The kind of instruction commanded here is not all over the place, but focused and well thought-out. The Christian father takes care that his children are instructed properly in the faith, that they know their sinfulness from the law, and that they know their redemption through Christ in the gospel.

The second means is through instruction or admonition and warning. The devil, the world, and our own flesh don’t stop attacking us, and the Christian father has to be diligent to warn his children about these enemies and their tactics. His primary tool in giving these warnings and admonitions is going to be the Word of God. The same word for “instruction” is also used in 1 Corinthians 10:11. Paul is writing there about the people of Israel in the Old Testament and their experiences in the desert. In verse 11 he writes, “These happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfilment of the ages has come.” In other words, we use the Bible to instruct and warn and admonish our children in the way of faith.

While fathers are to be the first line when it comes to the Christian nurture of families and children, we have to realize that this isn’t always practical. In our day, we see broken families and this takes place even in the church. However, this is nothing new. In Paul’s day too, there were families that didn’t have Christian fathers or even that had no father at all. Take Timothy, for instance. We learn from 2 Timothy 1 that Timothy had a Christian mother and grandmother, Eunice and Lois, but we read nothing about a father or grandfather. In 2 Timothy 3, however, we find that Timothy was in fact raised in the Christian faith. Who did this? We can assume that it was his mother and grandmother. That demonstrates that there can be flexibility in how our family spiritual leadership (including worship) is arranged, especially with exceptional circumstances. The norm is for a father to be the leader, but in abnormal or exceptional situations a mother may have to take the lead out of necessity.

Since we’re in the letters to Timothy, there’s one more passage we should briefly consider and that’s what Paul writes in 1 Timothy 5:8: “If anyone does not provide for his relatives, and especially for his immediate family, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.” Now if we must provide for our family in material things that will someday pass away, how much more should we expect to provide for them in spiritual things that are eternal? We’re called by God to provide food for our families, and that includes spiritual food. That calling also comes through in the Form for the Baptism of Infants. As parents, all of us promise to have our children instructed in the doctrine of the Bible, summarized in the confessions and taught in this church. One of the ways we keep that promise is by being committed to a time of regular family worship.

Now perhaps you find none of this convincing. Then let me try to persuade you from wisdom: is it wise to neglect the spiritual nurture of your children? To just let them find their own way? The book of Proverbs would tell us otherwise. Let me try to persuade you from love: do you love your children? Do you want them to grow to be godly Christian men and women? Do you want them to taste the sweetness of eternal communion with God through faith in Christ? Don’t those things compel you to regular daily family worship? Wise parents who really love their children will not neglect this practice, but will find every way possible to engage in regular family worship.

So now we’ve surveyed what the Bible teaches about our topic in both the Old and New Testament. What I want to do now is look at some of the practical aspects of family worship. First off, we need to consider the elements. What are the parts of family worship? What should we be doing? From what we’ve seen from Psalm 78 and other passages, there are three elements that we should have in place: prayer, Bible reading and instruction, and singing. Family worship does not have to be an imitation of corporate worship. It’s much simpler. It doesn’t have to be elaborate. Just focus on reading the Bible, discussing it, and providing instruction from it. Focus on prayer and on singing. With the singing, if you’ve got kids in elementary school, this is a great opportunity to practice their memory work with them every day.

As for the length of family worship, it doesn’t have to be long. Ten to fifteen minutes is quite adequate. It’s better to have a short time of family worship every day then to try and do it once per week for two hours. Of course, none of this is written in stone, so families are free to be flexible according to their circumstances – for instance, you may have a family that relishes having long theological discussions or doing a lot of singing. The important thing is that family worship is practiced on a regular basis.

With respect to the leadership of family worship, we’ve already noted that the biblical norm is for the father to take the lead. However, the father can delegate certain tasks in family worship. He can ask his children or wife to read the Bible or to pray or to lead in the singing. Whatever may happen, it must always be clear that, in a normal family situation, the father is the spiritual leader and head of the household. That’s a biblical principle that we cannot lose sight of.

Challenges←⤒🔗

That brings us to the challenges we face with family worship. The biggest is our enemy, the devil. Satan knows that he has the world. He doesn’t need to make much effort to maintain his control and power in that area. However, the church is one area where he needs to make a concerted effort to undermine God’s work. He does that in a number of ways and one of those is by attacking the stability and integrity of our families. The enemy uses various strategies and tactics to destroy our families and by doing so to destroy the church. We can’t expect to have a healthy church life if our families are experiencing spiritual disintegration. Faithful, God-glorifying churches are built with the bricks and mortar of faithful, God-glorifying families.

Probably the biggest thing that Satan uses to chip away at the stability and integrity of our families is the busyness of our day and the way time escapes us. This can happen in all our families, but those families where both parents are working out of the home need to be especially careful on this count. We need to take special care that the spiritual nurture of our families is not compromised by time spent out of the home. For all our families, family worship and spiritual nurture has to be a high priority, almost as high a priority as regular attendance at church.

For those of us who’ve been raised in traditional Canadian Reformed homes, this may require us to think outside the box. In the past, family worship was typically something that followed supper. In the broader culture, families rarely eat together nowadays. We were driving through the States a while back and we heard a public service announcement on the radio encouraging families to eat together once per week. That’s sad, but it’s the reality of the world in which we live. Unfortunately, it spills over into the church, hopefully not that much, but it does. There is no biblical command or principle indicating that families must eat together. However, we do find family worship in the Bible. So if it is difficult for your family to eat together, it doesn’t necessarily mean that family worship has to be abandoned. Rather, if we’re serious about it, we have to be creative. Why not do family worship in the morning before everyone leaves? Or maybe do it in the evening when everyone is home again? When the will is there, a way can be found.

Another obstacle to family worship can be the telephone and the TV. The TV needs to be turned off and the telephone too, and if it isn’t turned off, it should be ignored – let it ring! There’s nothing so important that it can’t wait until after family worship.

There are more challenges, but let me just mention one more: programs. Programs in the church or in the school community can be good and can be helpful. Having a Christian school is also a great blessing. Yet all these things should never be regarded as a replacement or a substitute for regular, daily family worship. We can’t think that because our kids go to a Christian school, we can ignore their spiritual nurture. All those other things can be helpful and good, they can supplement what goes on in the home, but they can never, ever be considered as replacements.

Blessings of Family Worship←⤒🔗

Finally, let’s briefly consider the blessings of family worship. When fathers and mothers are serious about family worship, the family is more focused on glorifying God in daily life. God and his Word are constantly being put before their eyes and ears. More than that, Christ is constantly being revealed through the instruction given in his Word. We’re getting a steady diet of the gospel of our Saviour. This can guard against nominalism, against just being a Christian in name without really taking anything seriously. It will not necessarily entirely prevent nominalism, but it will go a long way towards guarding against it. When children see that their parents are serious and sincerely earnest about serving the Lord and teaching his Word, this will have a positive effect on them – it will be a big part of their spiritual nourishment.

Family worship is also a blessing for the church. When fathers and mothers shepherd the hearts of their children, when they’re the front-line “youth pastors” (as they should be), the church is strengthened to worship and serve her Lord. Just think of the practical matter of singing. If we’re regularly singing in our homes and also explaining to our children what we’re singing and why we’re singing, that will go a long ways to bolstering the singing that takes place in church. Then the children are equipped to sing with gusto and understanding and God is praised through that!

Now there are many more blessings that could be mentioned, but we’ll leave it at that. One of the things we didn’t do was review the history of family worship in the Christian church. Briefly, I can tell you that family worship experienced a resurgence in the 1500s with the coming of the Reformation. That had to do with the availability of Bibles in people’s native tongues and also the expanding network of schools and literacy.

The Reformation capitalized on the printing press and the spread of literacy and reintroduced family worship to God’s people. Christian fathers could finally read the Bible to their families and provide instruction and leadership for them. Where it’s been taken seriously, it’s been an enormous blessing for Reformed churches and their families. Let’s not lose this important practice but let’s be committed to it, for the love of our children, for the love of the Word of God, and most importantly for the love of the God who saved us.