The author argues against the view that there is a future for Israel on the basis of an unconditional covenant with the descendants of Abraham. Pierce looks at the nature of the Abrahamic covenant, the Israelite covenant, and the Davidic covenant. The article comes to a conclusion with an examination of the new covenant model as Jeremiah presents it. This serves as a point of reference for understanding Paul's hope in Romans 9-11 for a national future for Israel.