This book’s concern is with what has become known as the New Perspective on Paul, which is concerned with Paul's understanding of the law, works of the law, righteousness, and other related issues. This chapter starts with a history of the study of Paul covering the period from Martin Luther to Albert Schweitzer. It answers questions like “What was the impact of the Reformation on the study of Paul?” and “How did we get from the Reformation to where we are today?”