How should the relationship between the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John be understood? This essay surveys the arguments in most recent debates concerning John’s relationship to the Synoptic Gospels. Three distinct approaches are identified and surveyed: John was literarily dependent upon one or more of the Synoptics, John was literarily independent of the Synoptics but similarities between them are the result of a common synoptic tradition(s) used, and John was literarily independent of the Synoptics but was aware of them and their tradition(s).